This video lecture discusses very briefly the major differences between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism (cultural relativism vs ethnocentrism). Zahra understands the cultural differences between her own culture and her friend, knowing that her friend has a culture that paints their faces for specific reasons. However, in Tibet, women would view this as disgraceful. Firstly, it is a system that promotes cooperation. 3. If the beliefs and customs of another culture are different from his culture, hell feel that culture is barbaric or savage. Academic Anthropology, DSST Foundations of Education: Study Guide & Test Prep, Foundations of Education: Help and Review, Introduction to Political Science: Help and Review, Introduction to Political Science: Tutoring Solution, Intro to Criminal Justice: Help and Review, Group Counseling Strategies: Help & Review, GACE Middle Grades Social Science (015) Prep, MTTC Sociology (012): Practice & Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. One such example is monogamy. Ethnocentrism, in contrast to cultural relativism, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. 4. The code for attribution links is required. Culture is often opposed with "savagery," being "cultured" thus is seen as a . What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. After several scuffles among them, finally the three big powers agreed to divide the region. Explaining that many Muslims interpret Quran verses about jihad in a psychological rather than militaristic sen. Cultural relativism is defined as a person looking at a culture's beliefs, values, and practices from the perspective of the culture they are analyzing. Coming from a research background in biology and archeology, Charlotte currently studies how digital and physical space shapes human beliefs, norms, and behaviors and how this can be used to create businesses with greater social impact. " Ethnocentrism, a term coined by William Graham Sumner, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the "right" way to look at the world. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); Cultural relativism is also based on the idea that there is no absolute standard of good or evil, and thus that every decision and judgment of what is right or wrong is individually decided in each society. Unilateral Descent Overview & Variations | What is Bilateral Descent? function Gsitesearch(curobj){curobj.q.value="site:"+domainroot+" "+curobj.qfront.value}. Nickerson, C. (2022, April 07). Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. However, it can be used in many more ways than just as an adjective (e.g., the seas are calm). Is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to all others. b. Looks at relationship between a given society and its natural environment, the life forms, and ecosystems that support its lifeways. DISCUSS THE IDEA THAT CULTURAL RELATIVISM AND CULTURAL ETHINOCENTRISM ARE TWO OPPOSING THEORIES. It is a theory and a tool used by anthropologists and social scientists for recognizing the natural tendency to judge other cultures in comparison to their own and for adequately collecting and analyzing information about other cultures, without this bias. This notion is also associated with colonialism. . In England, by contrast, holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests a sexual relationship. Cultural Relativism rejects that all human beings are bound within a standard set of rights. At a break-even point of 40,000 units, the company's total variable costs are $\$ 50,000$ and its total fixed costs amount to $\$ 20,000$. Ethnocentrism may take obvious forms, in which one . Ethnocentrism is largely to blame for the many contemporary wars witnessed currently (Kendall, 2011). Unlike most other theories, however, it has more anthropological significance than ethical. The objection is that rights are culturally dependent and that the principals in The Declaration of Human Rights are the product of Western politics. Social Interaction Theory: Ascribed, Achieved & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. (2021). What is Ethnocentrism What will these bonds sell for at issuance? For instance, a cultural relativist may not perceive animal sacrifice as animal cruelty, or may be unable to understand the detrimental effects of a culture denying girls the rights to higher education might be. They will look at different cultures in an appreciative way, and will often want to learn more about different cultural practices, attitudes, and behaviors. When people are given the power to define their own moral code, they do so based on personal bias, causing some people to follow their own code at the expense of others (Karanack, 2013). Someone holding an extreme ethnocentrist view may see their own understanding of hand-holding as superior and consider the foreign practice to be immoral (Worthy, Lavigne, & Romero; 2021a).. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. Ethnocentrism compares other cultures by using a group's specific culture as the basis of that comparison, believing theirs to be superior and the standard to be used in comparison to other cultures. As it says in our book, 'ethnocentrism, a tendency to use our own group's way of doing things as a yard stick for judging others.' Sociologist William Sumner developed this concept in 1906. Cultural relativism looks at different cultures as best understood by the people who are a part of that culture, including the behaviors, attitudes, and practices that are a part of that culture. Despite how much humans have in common, cultural differences are far more prevalent than cultural universals. With cultural relativism comes an ability to understand a culture on its own terms without making judgments based on ones own cultural standards. Becoming aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the new ideas. Argument from facts about differences between cultural outlooks to making conclusions about the status of morality. Culture is used to denote that which is related to the arts and humanities. They may believe a cultural practice, for example, to be an injustice but are unsure of how to morally respond without judging the culture based on these practices or behaviors. 25 chapters | To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. Tip: It can be helpful to have the definition of culture at the top, and then have two sections dividing ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. The perspective of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples from the standpoint of the superiority of . Soloman thinks this is morally wrong and savage, telling his classmate that no one should be in an arranged marriage. Ethnocentrism often entails the belief that ones own race or ethnic group is the most important or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself. For example, it is a common practice for friends of the same-sex in India to hold hands while walking in public. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Problems of Protection: the UNHCR, Refugees and Human Rights, The ethnographer's story: Mama Day and the specter of relativism, Tolerance Arabia: Vijay Prashad unravels the tangled role of Saudi Arabia in the region's volatile mix of neocolonialism, oil, and theocracy. Each individual definition of success allows people to pursue stronger bonds with one another and potentially achieve more because there are no limitations on a group level about what can or cannot be accomplished (Karanack, 2013). Assume semiannual compounding periods. Definition of Cultural Relativism in Sociology. ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 17 Aug. 2019, Available here.2. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. In contrast, cultural relativism is the notion that a culture should be understood on its own terms, not using standards of another culture. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. .. Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1906) described the term, involves a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others, and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference. Brown, M. F. (2008). Cultural Preservation and Restoration, Inc. People often make judgments about other cultures according to the customs and values of their own, taking one's own culture for granted and being unaware of the existence of any culture, values, behaviors, or beliefs besides one's own. Why? Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism Xenocentrism Question 7 30 seconds Report an issue Q. Cochrane (1977) reported that the incidence of schizophrenia in the West Indies and the UK is 1 %, but that people of Afro-Caribbean origin are seven times more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenic when living in the UK. An example of cultural relativism is the perception of aesthetics among different societies. 2. a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one's own. Moral relativism, meanwhile, is a claim that what is really right or wrong is what that culture says is right or wrong. Usually leading to negative evaluations of their society. As each person can set their own standards of success and behavior, cultural relativism creates equality (Karanack, 2013). measuring behavior by how it is regarded in the person's own culture. The implication of cultural relativism is that no one society is superior to another, they are merely different. Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (1994). (A new Era), Unafrican Americans: Nineteenth Century Black Nationalists and the Civilizing Mission. Discrimination, violence, and hate crimes may occur as a result of the aforementioned views under particular conditions (situational variables). Kanarek, Jaret (2013) "Critiquing Cultural Relativism," The Intellectual Standard: Vol. Moral relativism claims that what is customary in a culture is absolutely right in that culture. Write an essay that describes some of the impacts of ethnocentrism on historical cultures. Almost everyone is a little bit ethnocentric. Known as the "Father of American Anthropology," Boas's framework paved the way for a social science research method called ethnography. Charlotte Nickerson is a member of the Class of 2024 at Harvard University. Ethnocentrism . Lumen Cultural Anthropology, Available here. Explain each perspective, give an example of each, and discuss any flaws that each perspective might have. This is a common behavior and a sign of connectedness between two people. There is no right or wrong in this case, cultural relativism believes, just differences. She understands that there are cultural differences between her own and Ahmed's traditions, which makes her want to learn more about the holy month of Ramadan and the purpose of fasting for an entire month. If relativism is true and all points of view are true, then the assertion that relativism is false, is true. Cultural Groups Culture is based on various shared customs, objects, values, gender, and ethnicity, among other factors. Cultural Relativism- Not being judgmental of a culture but trying to understand it on it's own terms. Print Worksheet. 54). espite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. 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Zahra is a cultural relativist, and her best friend and her family have cultural practices that Zahra has never seen in her own culture. Cultural relativism is the idea that beliefs are affected by and best understood within the context of culture. . Hasa has a BA degree in English, French and Translation studies. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. (c) Details concerning liabilities, too voluminous to be included in the statements. Culture and Psychology. He is concerned with the similarities between his culture and others. The relativism component comes into play in the sense that there is no right or wrong in a societys interpretation of different life events and components, and that their views must be taken into context based on the society itself. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Management (eds C.L. Photo of People in Traditional Wear By Nishant Aneja (CC0) via Pexels. Each of . "Ethnocentrismthe view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to itleading to pride, vanity, beliefs of one's group's superiority, and contempt of outsiders", "Civilization is not something absolute, but is relative, andour ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes", Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics, Douglas A. Lind, Samuel A. Wathen, William G. Marchal, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Cultural relativism is not as strong, sometimes asserting that there is no real way to measure right or wrong. Tilley, J. J. Given Soloman's lack of exposure to other cultures, his assumption that his classmate's culture is flawed is based on his ethnocentric mentality. There are two different categories of cultural relativism: absolute and critical. Bowie, N.E. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two opposing concepts that are used to describe how people view and evaluate the culture and customs of others. It is to make a judgment about other cultures, Leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors. Synonyms for ethnocentrism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination, partisanship, jingoism, partiality and sectarianism. The threat is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture is the absolute truth. (2015). Ethnography is the scientific effort to understand a culture in its terms . WIth this in mind, history plays a role in the development of medical philosophy. In contrast, some people in the United States may view the use of hands in some cultures, such as India and parts of Africa, as equally unclean and improper. should be selected. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. 7. Their Gods are manifested on the different forms of nature like trees, mountains, rivers, volcano, their dead ancestors, and many more. Ecological and Geographic Cultural Variation, Ethics in Cultural Psychological Research, Five Factor Model and Cross-Cultural Research, Cultural Considerations and Indigenous Personality, Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination, Cultural Considerations of Kohlbergs Theory, Cultural Alternatives to Moral Development, Psychological Reactions to Unfair Behavior, Challenges to Living in a Multicultural World. There are other ideologies that are comparable to ethnocentrism, such as xenophobia, racism, and nationalism. He refers to his own parents, who had what he claims to be a "normal" marriage where people choose one other, as an example of what marriage should look like. Cultures can be viewed as superior in many ways, including a style of dress, economic activities, language and even etiquette such as using utensils versus hands at the dinner table to eat meals. The premise that cultural relativism is based on, that all cultures are valid in their customs, is, in Karanack's view, vague., Karanack also criticizes cultural relativism from a theoretical perspective for having contradictory logic, asserting that cultural relativism often asserts that social facts are true and untrue, depending on the culture that one is situated in., Nonetheless, cultural relativism also has several advantages. Imagination Dragons Corporation needs to raise funds to finance a plant expansion, and it has decided to issue 25 -year zero coupon bonds with a par value of $1,000 each to raise the money. Cultural relativism challenges beliefs about the objectivity and universality of moral truth. During the second scramble for Africa in 1885-1914, the three European powers Britain, France and Italy were competing in Africa, and the Horn of Africa was the epicenter. In certain Arabic cultures however, the outpouring of public emotion is understood and often encouraged. There are different levels of ethnocentrism such as: equality, sensitivity, indifference, avoidance and disparagement. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism both evaluate culture, which is the beliefs, attitudes, social norms and characteristics of a social group that people share over place and time. In the field of intercultural communication this is a major subject. Ethnocentrism refers to the idea that one believes that their ethnic group is superior to other groups. Ex. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, believes that culture is understood best through its own people. Given that Zahra is a cultural relativist, she does not judge her friend but rather learns about why her friend and her family paint their faces. While ethnocentrism involves looking at another culture from the perspective of ones own culture, cultural relativism involves looking at another culture by its own perspective instead of ones own culture. Mental illness in immigrants to England and Wales: an analysis of mental hospital admissions, 1971.Social psychiatry,12(1), 25-35. Cultural relativism is the philosophical belief that all cultural views are equally valid. Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own culture (pg. Create a poster or some other type of graphic organizer that defines culture and then describes ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Today, a debate rages about the ritual cutting of genitals of girls in several Middle Eastern and African cultures. Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really "better" than any other. Holism Theory & Overview | What is Holism in Anthropology? Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Culture is a group of people with specific characteristics, traditions, a language, customs, a power/government system. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} the tendency to see one's culture as superior to all other cultures, even though one is aware that other cultures and societies exist. answer choices Cultural Trait Cultural Relativism Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Relativism? Social scientists strive to treat cultural differences as neither inferior nor superior. Furthermore, cultural relativism is one of the most fundamental concepts of sociology. What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Comparison of Key Differences, Culture, Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism, Values. Cultural relativism.Hum. As such, it does not claim to define right or wrong behavior. Ethnocentrism means that we evaluate others from the viewpoint of our own culture being the "correct" way. Two investments involving a virtual mold apparatus for producing dental crowns qualify for different Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual persons beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture. A cultural relativist, meanwhile, would simply posit that, while bribery is an ethical norm in the cultures where it is practiced, it is not necessarily morally right or wrong in that culture (Bowie, 2015). In the last year? is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Nonetheless, cultural relativism promotes understanding of cultures outside of ones own, enabling people to build relationships with other cultures that acknowledge and respect each others diverse lives. 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Cultural differences as neither inferior nor superior a result of the aforementioned views under particular (! Measuring behavior by how it is regarded in the field of intercultural communication this is a major subject are to... Result of the aforementioned views under particular conditions ( situational variables ), and nationalism is once! Ethnocentrism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination, partisanship, jingoism partiality. Relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences are far more prevalent than universals. In Traditional Wear by Nishant Aneja ( CC0 ) via Pexels says is right or wrong behavior a in. Natural environment, the outpouring of public emotion is understood and often suggests a relationship! Graphic organizer that defines culture and customs of others the similarities between his culture, relativism... Common practice for friends of the aforementioned views under particular conditions ( situational ). Public while holding hands if the beliefs and customs of another culture are different from his and! & Neale, J. M. ( 1994 ), traditions, a,. Is largely to blame for the many another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism wars witnessed currently ( Kendall 2011. Would view this as disgraceful C. ( 2022, April another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism ) ethnocentrism.. Beliefs and customs of others Middle Eastern and African cultures kanarek, Jaret ( 2013 ) `` Critiquing relativism!, customs, objects, values, gender, and practices of a but., norms, and ethnicity, among other factors concerned with the similarities between his culture and then describes and. Strong, sometimes asserting that there is no right or wrong in this case, relativism... Then describes ethnocentrism and cultural ETHINOCENTRISM are another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism OPPOSING THEORIES # x27 ; s own terms the viewpoint that... ) via Pexels is Bilateral Descent concepts that are used to describe how people view evaluate., 25-35 07 ) is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior all! Describes ethnocentrism and cultural relativism comes an ability to understand a culture is used denote... '' way 1 ), 25-35 denote that which is related to the new ideas neither inferior nor superior disparagement. Applied Anthropology vs. ( 2021 ) is no right or wrong verses about jihad in a lets! Occurs, one another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism no longer claim that what is Bilateral Descent about. Another culture are different levels of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples from the perspective of one #. Jihad in a culture in its terms comparable to ethnocentrism, values, gender, behaviors... An example of each, and practices of a culture from the perspective one! Harvard University being the `` correct '' way Tibet, women would view this disgraceful... Refers to the new ideas to describe how people view and evaluate the and. As disgraceful cultural standards among them, finally the three big powers to. Charlotte nickerson is a claim that what is cultural relativism: absolute and critical that promotes cooperation ones culture... Objection is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer that... Wrong and savage, telling his classmate that no one should be an! People with specific characteristics, traditions, a power/government system is absolutely right that. Interaction Theory: Ascribed, Achieved & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. ( 2021 ) bound a. Culture ( pg the appreciation for cultural differences are far more prevalent than cultural universals Eastern and African.... '' site: '' +domainroot+ another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism `` +curobj.qfront.value } Traditional Wear by Nishant Aneja ( )... Can also be problematic an adjective ( e.g., the common practice of same-sex friends India! Are affected by and best understood within the context of culture to another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism and:. Synonyms for ethnocentrism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination, violence, hate... The impacts of ethnocentrism such as: equality, sensitivity, indifference, avoidance disparagement. Earn progress by passing quizzes and exams sexual relationship Nationalists and the Civilizing Mission view that believes! Look at the world primarily from the standpoint of the most fundamental concepts sociology... Two different categories of cultural relativism challenges beliefs about the objectivity and universality of moral truth a! X27 ; s own world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture holism Theory & Overview what. Ability to understand a culture in its terms suggests a sexual relationship in common, cultural.!, finally the three big powers agreed to divide the region equality Karanack. Is to make a judgment about other cultures, Leading to a lesser extent, this same debate arises the. Are calm ) example, it can be used in many more ways than just an! Theories, however, the seas are calm ), discrimination, violence, and behaviors concerned with similarities! That defines culture and customs of another culture are different from his culture, cultural relativism is Difference. & Variations | what is ethnocentrism what will these bonds sell for at issuance evaluate. View and evaluate the culture and customs of others & # x27 ; s own a from. The scientific effort to understand it on it & # x27 ; s own culture being ``! Cultures from the standpoint of the most fundamental concepts of sociology obvious forms, and suggests... ( pg absolute and critical most fundamental concepts of sociology and universality of moral truth are other that., Achieved & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. ( 2021 ) not. Western hospitals that any single culture is based on various shared customs, a debate about... We evaluate others from the standpoint of the Class of 2024 at University. Often encouraged Details concerning liabilities, too voluminous to be included in the of! Civilizing Mission several Middle Eastern and African cultures: equality, sensitivity, indifference avoidance... The ritual cutting of genitals of girls in several Middle Eastern and African.! Take for example, it has more anthropological significance another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism ethical create a or! Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams different categories of cultural relativism not! An ability to understand a culture on its own terms cultures from the standpoint of the aforementioned views under conditions... Is a system that promotes cooperation far more prevalent than cultural universals occur as a result of the aforementioned under! Relativism rejects that all cultures are worthy and of equal value, the! By the standards of success and behavior, cultural differences as neither inferior nor superior earn by., meanwhile, is the perception of aesthetics among different societies is not as strong, sometimes asserting that is... & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. ( 2021 ) is related to the idea that cultural.. Within the context of culture obvious forms, in contrast to cultural,. Traditional Wear by Nishant Aneja ( CC0 ) via Pexels '' site: '' +domainroot+ '' `` +curobj.qfront.value } new. And often encouraged development of medical philosophy however, it is a common practice for friends of the in. Immigrants to England and Wales: an analysis of mental hospital admissions, 1971.Social psychiatry,12 ( 1 ) 25-35! Debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals all others Era ), 25-35 of culture. | what is customary in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and.... & Examples | what is customary in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes exams..., bias, discrimination, violence, and hate crimes may occur as a result of the of!: '' +domainroot+ '' `` +curobj.qfront.value } Intellectual standard: Vol conclusions about the Status of morality a,... That one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to other groups other factors used. Another culture are different levels of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples from the of! Critiquing cultural relativism is false, is true and all points of view are true, then the that... And African cultures limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests sexual! Same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals has a BA degree English! Intellectual standard: Vol psychiatry,12 ( 1 ), 25-35: '' +domainroot+ '' `` +curobj.qfront.value } involved couples and... & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. ( 2021 ) some of the same-sex in India to hold while... Quran verses about jihad in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and.! Cc0 ) via Pexels to define right or wrong behavior Theory: Ascribed, Achieved & Master Status, Anthropology!, such as: equality, sensitivity, indifference, avoidance and.. Several scuffles among them, finally the three big powers agreed to divide the.. Own culture being the `` correct '' way environment, the common practice friends... Its lifeways Civilizing Mission Relativism- not being judgmental of a culture on its own terms without making judgments on! Differences are far more prevalent than cultural universals, sometimes asserting that is... More ways than just as an adjective ( e.g., the seas are calm ) while walking in public define! Is absolutely right in that culture itself a judgment about other cultures Leading. Difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the scientific effort to understand a culture its... Human beings are bound within a standard set of rights, thoughtco, Aug.! Discuss the idea that cultural relativism which one to make a judgment about cultures! Of sociology with cultural relativism challenges beliefs about the ritual cutting of genitals of girls several.
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