[70][71] The body first converts it into more water-soluble compounds via glucuronidation or sulfation, which are then removed from the body through the urine. Bisphenol A was investigated in the 1930s during the search for synthetic estrogens. [36] It may be purified by recrystallisation from acetic acid with water. Uses of all substances that migrate from packaging into food, including BPA, are subject to premarket approval by FDA as indirect food additives or food contact substances. These chemicals are commonly used to form industrial epoxy resins, plastics, and flame retardants. Epoxy resin is a polymer with the molecular formula (C11H12O3)n, which is a general term for a class of polymers containing more than two epoxy groups in the molecule. Paper recycling can be a major source of release when this includes thermal paper,[9][97] leaching from PVC items may also be a significant source,[93] as can landfill leachate. As part of its premarket review of food packaging materials, FDAs food contact regulations and food contact notification program assesses the likely migration from the packaging material to assure that any migration to food occurs at safe levels. Epoxy resin, on the other hand, has been of substantial significance to engineering for many decades. The synthesis of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the most widely used epoxy resin monomer, is: The results of the independent evaluations were released in April 2010, as FDA made the CFSAN report and other relevant information available for public comment. Developmental treatment with bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol causes few alterations on early preweaning measures. Bisphenol A was investigated in the 1930's during the search for synthetic estrogens. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) can be called a small-molecule adhesive. BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER RESIN,25068-38-6 - Buyers Guide for Chemicals is a directory of chemicals, chemical suppliers and producers. Pathways include photo-oxidation, or reactions with minerals such as goethite which may be present in soils and sediments. FDA will also continue to consult with other expert agencies in the federal government, including the National Institutes of Health (and the National Toxicology Program), the Environmental Protection Agency, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When government scientists review studies to make a safety conclusion, they look at the weight of the evidence, meaning the information available from all sources, and how well each study was conducted. Health concerns have also been raised about these substitutes. It is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of acetone. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Usage/Application: Polycarbonate , Epoxy resin, Thermal paper. 12 oz. Compounds without a Phenanthrene Nucleus", "Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials", "European Union Summary Risk Assessment Report - Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP)", "Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes", "Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004", "The state of bisphenol research in the lesser developed countries of the EU: a mini-review", "An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment", "Bisphenol A and baby bottles: challenges and perspectives", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Canada Consumer Product Safety Act", "MSC unanimously agrees that Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor - All news - ECHA", "EU court confirms BPA as substance of 'very high concern', "Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities", "Global Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Environment: Review and Analysis of Its Occurrence and Bioaccumulation", "A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife", Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione), DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA), 7-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione), 11-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate, Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone), Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate), Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone), Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4), Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22), 3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17-ol, 10,17-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), 16,17-Epiestriol (16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), 17-Epiestriol (16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), Epiestriol (16-epiestriol, 16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate), Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate), Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisphenol_A&oldid=1134371642, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Polycyanurates can be produced from BPA by way of its di-, Bisphenol-A formaldehyde resins are a subset of, BPA is used as an antioxidant in several fields, particularly in, Several drug candidates have also been developed from bisphenol A, including, Reprinted in condensed form in: A. Dianin (1892), This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 10:18. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Epoxy resin is based on epichlorhydrin and bisphenol A. . The molecular weight and the epoxy equivalent weight are controlled by the ratio of epichlorohydrin EPC:BPA. The next question is how do you make epoxy resin. It is the lowest molecular weight epoxy resins, and also used as the packaging material for coatings, adhesives, insulating paints, semiconductors, and integrated circuits and other electronic components. Epub 2014 Feb 4. c) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Fisher JW. Because of its extreme durability and strength, polycarbonate plastic is particularly useful for making component parts that need to be thin and light, but strong. Cured epoxy resins are inert materials used as protective liners in metal cans to maintain the quality of canned foods and beverages, and have achieved wide acceptance for use as protective coatings because of their exceptional combination of toughness, adhesion, formability, and chemical resistance. 1675-54-3 Chemical Name: BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER RESIN CBNumber: CB3749115 Molecular Formula: C21H24O4 Molecular Weight: 340.41 MDL Number: MFCD00080480 MOL File: 1675-54-3.mol MSDS File: SDS Modify Date: 2022-12-30 16:20:48 Request For Quotation BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER RESIN Properties SAFETY This process, also known as a one-step process, is commonly used for the preparation of low and medium molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resins. This is called a two-step method. . and epichlorohydrin. Among the non-food sources, exposures routes include through dust,[10] thermal paper,[20] clothing,[19] dental materials,[69] and medical devices. But, lets first start by understanding thermosets. The original approvals for BPA were issued under FDAs food additive regulations and date from the 1960s. :30583-72-3 Molecular formula:C18H33ClO3 Molecular weight: 332.91 Appearance:Colorless liquid Assay 60% Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin Specification: Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin Application #12-03 Keck Seng Tower, The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a sulfonated polystyrene resin. [2] Also in 2008, the National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, part of the National Institutes of Health, released the Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Bisphenol A.[3]. Bisphenol A is the chemical product of combining one acetone unit with two phenol groups. 2011 Sep 15;255(3):261-70. e) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Fisher JW. Comparatively minor amounts of BPA are also used as additives or modifiers in some commodity plastics. The reaction process is as follows:
NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community. [90] BPA binding to ERR- preserves its basal constitutive activity. BPA can both mimic the action of estrogen and antagonise estrogen, indicating that it is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) or partial agonist of the ER. The results of this study showed no effects of BPA at any dose in the low-dose range. The study included an in utero phase, direct dosing to pups to mimic bottle feeding in neonates, and employed a dose range covering the low doses where effects have been previously reported in some animal studies, as well as higher doses where estrogenic effects have been measured in guideline oral studies. Scientific Peer-Review of the Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 31 October 2008. Background. Bisphenol A was first synthesized by A.P. Many of these studies addressed how the body disposes of or metabolizes BPA. It belongs to the phenol class of aromatic organic compounds. Bisphenol A epoxy resin is the most common type for concrete coatings because of its excellent adhesion, toughness, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. [9][10] For epoxy resin, it is first converted to its diglycidyl ether (usually abbreviated BADGE or DGEBA). NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. Supplier. It is not a plasticizer,[11] although it is often wrongly labelled as such. [21] BPA has been investigated by public health agencies in many countries, as well as by the World Health Organization. Transfer to a pear-shaped separatory funnel to separate the liquid, continue washing and separating with deionized water until the solution turns to neutral from alkaline. The performance of specialized collections of bisphenol A epoxy resin system components in the evaluation of workers in an occupational health . 2010 Oct 1;248(1):1-11. h) Fisher JW, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Doerge DR. Pharmacokinetic modeling: prediction and evaluation of route dependent dosimetry of bisphenol A in monkeys with extrapolation to humans. [11]. Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. We provide Bisphenol A epoxy resin safety data sheet view and download for free at Echemi.com. If youve ever read a news article or blog post about chemicals, you may have heard the oft-cited claim that there are 84,000 chemicals in commerce but only 200 of these have been tested for safety. Epoxy Composites: Additives for High Performance, Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer, Synthesis of Epoxy Monomer from Bisphenol A and Epichlorohydrin, Be the first to comment on "Epoxy Resins: A to Z Technical Review of Thermosetting Polymer", carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBNs), Powdered metals to improve electrical and thermal conductivity, Silica for cost reduction, and strength enhancement, Talc and calcium carbonate cost reduction, Carbon and graphite powders to increase lubricity, Particle characteristics (size, share, surface area), Extremely strong and good flexural strength, The hardener and the temperature determine epoxy resin cure time, Resistant to wear, cracking, peeling, corrosion and damage from chemical and environmental degradation, Has a bonding strength of up to 2,000 psi, Generally, costs slightly less than epoxy resin, Off-gases VOCs and has strong, flammable fumes, Bonding strength of polyester resin is generally less than 500 psi, Once cured, polyester resin is water permeable, meaning water can pass through it eventually, Better adhesive properties (the ability to bond to the reinforcement or core), Superior mechanical properties (particularly strength and stiffness), Improved resistance to fatigue and micro cracking, Reduced degradation from water ingress (diminution of properties due to water penetration), Increased resistance to osmosis (surface degradation due to water permeability), Natural oil-based (soybean, linseed, castor). When dropping is completed within half an hour, heat it for 12-24 hours under temperature 70-80C Stop the heating after bisphenol A is completely disappeared validated by TLC method. . Table 1, Table 2 present the . Cool the mixture to room temperature; add extractant toluene/water (volume ratio 2:1) and stir it at room temperature for half an hour. to be exposed to dangerous levels of bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate. In addition, FDA actively supported and participated in the Expert Consultation on BPA convened by World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on November 2-5, 2010, in Ottawa, Canada. In recent years, many claims have been made about the health effects of BPA. It belongs to the phenol class of aromatic organic compounds. While air, dust, and water are other possible sources of exposure, BPA in food and beverages accounts for the majority of daily human exposure. Order: 18 Tons Shandong Near Chemical Co., Ltd. View larger video & image Contact Now Hot Sale Bisphenol a CAS No. MAIN APPLICATIONS Bisphenol A Epoxy is widely used in the manufacture of: Epoxy resins; Phenolic resins . The viscosity of the PEOs obtained in present and earlier papers was compared with conventional low molecular weight bisphenol A based epoxy resin D.E.R. Distribution of bisphenol A into tissues of adult, neonatal, and fetal Sprague-Dawley rats. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. The chemical formula of Bisphenol A is C15H16O2. bisphenol a epoxy resin price are designed to form other substances and play a crucial role in numerous important reactions. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public. [42] This process converts the individual molecules of BPA into large polymer chains, effectively trapping them. National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council - Day 1. An amendment of the food additive regulations based on abandonment is not based on safety, but is based on the fact that the regulatory authorization is no longer necessary for the specific use of the food additive because that use has been permanently and completely abandoned. The CDC NHANES data are considered representative of exposures in the United States. BISPHENOL A EPOXY: is solid at room temperature, in the form of prills, white - peal, white to yellow and with a slight phenolic odour. The safety of a food additive is not relevant to FDAs determination regarding whether a certain use of that food additive has been abandoned. [4] The studies were evaluated for their relevance for regulatory hazard and/or risk assessment. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. [37] Crystals form in the monoclinic space group P 21/n (where n indicates the glide plane); within this individual molecules of BPA are arraigned with a 91.5 torsion angle between the phenol rings. To address these questions the National Toxicology Program, partnering with FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research is carrying out in-depth studies to answer key questions and clarify uncertainties about BPA. fatty acid dimers, +undefined-86-13650506873 +undefined-86-13650506873. As an addition to this core study, FDA is providing extra animals and tissues to a consortium of grantees [8] selected and funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to address other critical questions. Learn how outdoors and chemistry work together. [90] This may be the mechanism by which BPA acts as a xenoestrogen. The lowest molecular weight an epoxy resin of the DGEBA type can have is 340, but if two elements together can form different molecular weights when they react, the epoxy resin will contain a mixture of epoxy molecules of varying lengths. Polyols can be compounds such as 1,4-butanediol. Polycarbonate plastic made with BPA is shatter-resistant, lightweight, and has high optical clarity, similar to glass. It is found in various products including shatterproof windows, eyewear, water bottles, and epoxy resins that coat some metal food cans, bottle tops, and water supply pipes. Epoxy groups located at both ends of the molecule can undergo reactions of ring-opening, cross-linking and solidity with amines, anhydrides, and other curing agents of epoxy resins. Add bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin in the amount of 1:4 into a three-necked flask equipped with a reflux device, place it in a constant-temperature oil bath, melt it with 70 C of heat, and dropwise 28.57% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with a dropping funnel, in which the ratio of the amount of sodium hydroxide and bisphenol A is 4:1. The subchronic study was designed to characterize potential effects of BPA in a wide range of endpoints, including prostate and mammary glands, metabolic changes, and cardiovascular endpoints. Use the browser controls to adjust the font size, or print this page. [9][10] The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 2530% of BPA use. High-performance epoxy resins are used to make aircraft, cars, bicycles, boats, golf clubs, skis and snowboards durable, flexible and strong. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical building block that is used primarily to make polycarbonate plastics. 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