The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Over the centuries, deforestation, overgrazing, and practices such as cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture have eroded the soil, a situation that worsened considerably during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in Eritrea, Tigray, and parts of Gondar and Wollo. The agricultural sector of Ethiopia has shown remarkable resilience over many centuries though it is now increasingly failing. The role of science, technology and innovation in ensuring food security by 2030. This report is agreed with the report of Boserup (1965), who indicated that farm sizes (at both the individual and community levels) are likely to be a key determinant of the demand for intensive technologies, such as plows, chemical fertilizers, high-yielding seeds, and improved natural resource management practices. At the international, regional, national, and local levels, there is a direct correlation between food insecurity and poverty. Recently, the Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. As FAO (2010) report indicated, the soil erosion hazard, aluminum toxicity, soil shallowness, and hydromorphone are constraining 1316% of the global arable land areas. How much of Ethiopias land is under cultivation? 4. The pace of formal technology generation and adoption has been highly uneven. For example, in 1913/14 (Northern Ethiopia), 1920/22, 1932/34, 1953, 1957/58, 1964/66, and 1973/74 (Tigray and Wolo), 19831984, 19871988, and 199092, 1993/94 (Wolde-Georgis, 1997) and recently in 2015/2016 (Eastern parts of Ethiopia followed by ElNio). The farmland obtained in such a way is very limited to the individual capacity to work and difficult even to plow by oxen-power than tractor. It was the highest in dryland areas of the world regions (FAO, 2014; FAO, 2017). The country has also ample opportunity in the areas of animal production that ranks first in Africa in the number of livestock heads. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. However, the expected level was not achieved. In 20182020years alone the locust caused high-yield losses in the rift valley, eastern, north-central, and northern parts of Ethiopia. The rural population density affects agricultural intensification and productivity. Nevertheless, arable land is an indispensable resource for Ethiopians to secure food and food self-sufficiency. Expert Solution. Expansion of large-scale agricultural investments (land grabbing) in these areas is the current government's focus and resulting in the loss and unsustainable utilization of natural resources. It is located in the Horn of Africa, bordering six (6) countries: Djibouti and Somalia to the East, Eritrea to the North and Northeast, Kenya to the South and Sudan and South Sudan to the West. Ethiopia's total export earnings by value increased by 12% from the previous year. It improves the drastic cuts in economy-wide and agricultural fossil fuel use by addressing climate change, prevent emerging transboundary agricultural threats like pests and natural hazards, which affects all ecosystems and every aspect of human life through International collaboration (FAO, 2017). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Why is it important to grow vegetables in Ethiopia? According to the most recent studies, 842 million people or 12 percent of the world's population were unable to meet their . The country is home to about 49 million heads of cattle, 22 million heads of goats, 17 million heads of sheep and 38 million chickens. Encouraging the participation of investors in the agricultural sector would improve their income and opportunities of society in rural areas and reduce the root causes of migration and poverty in the future. In fact, the soil erosion caused by rainfall is severe on the topography of the land that has a slope of more than 16%. Ethiopia one of the fastest-growing economies in the continent. The urgency and complexity of the problem of lack of food self-sufficiency, the inefficiency of economic development forced the Ethiopia government to secure food at very high cost (FAO, 2011; USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), 2010). Not only will there be more mouths to feed, but as incomes grow in emerging and . However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. These older farmers might be discriminated against accessing credit, training, and other income-generating resources (FAO, 2017). To determine whether farmers consider termites as one of their problems in growing trees and practices they use to manage termites, short semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers selected randomly. Required fields are marked *. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. The deforestation rate in Ethiopia accounts for 1.25% of forest and other woodlands 1.8% annually per year (GFRA (Global Forest Resources Assessment), 2015). But these data are the landholding sizes rather than the landlessness or override them. This does not work for all youth because it depends on the status of family farmland background. Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agriculture. Since Ethiopia's economy depends mostly on agriculture (about 45 to 50% of GDP), natural causes such as drought and sometimes unpredictable flooding put the entire economy of Ethiopia in a very bad shape and leave many starving. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. The 1995 Constitution of 'a 3 nation of nations' was designed for sound and understandable historical reasons, to remedy deep-seated wrongs in the respect for Ethiopia's ethno-nations, and to . The major factors are increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, rising temperature levels, possibly leading to more drought and floods. This is the root of all agricultural problems in the country. 3 What is constraints of Ethiopian agriculture? But even these 2 ha of land is not enough to produce an adequate supply of food for the average family (Lebeda et al., 2010; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), 2008; Gebreselassie, 2006). Although important it was, in Ethiopia, academic workers have never been recognized as important developmental issues. Ethiopia. Notably, the variability is higher between July and September. The persistent decline in the size of farmland also represents formidable challenges for mechanized farming and obtaining long-term capital investment (Diriba, 2020). Statistical development series no.12, 2000 world census of agriculture, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). In addition, the country's agriculture highly depends on rain-fed. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Ethiopia has a high-level strategy to pursue agriculture-based industrialisation with a goal of achieving middle income country status by 2025 with no net increase in carbon emissions. Therefore, farm size affects agricultural sustainability in the economy, social aspects, and environmental performance of agricultural production, for instance, increasing farm size has a positive impact on farmers net profit, economic benefits, technical and labor efficiency with mean coefficients of 0.005, 0.02, and 2.25 in China, respectively (Ren et al., 2019). People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Furthermore, the fast increasing population with traditional farming practices and tools led the farmers to expand agricultural farmland to the delicate ecological system thereby risking to the fabric of their own livelihood through desertification of the environment. What are the major problem of agriculture in Ethiopia? Table 3. The food demand and price are increased in the recent decade than ever in Ethiopia. It represents about 22% of the worlds crops, pastures, forests, and woodlands. In Ethiopia, the farmland is highly fragmented in the central northern parts than other parts (Figure 1). IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development). ILRI. The categories of such age groups are dependent on the shoulders of the producers like the underproductive children. About 0.7% of the country is covered with natural water bodies or lakes (MoWR (Ministry of Water Resources), 2002) which is around 744, 400ha (IUCN (international union for conservation of nature), 2010), and the amount of water it holds is estimated to be 70 billion cubic meters. Some of the major environmental problems are as follows: 1. Therefore, there is a need for increased attention to adapt and mitigate mechanisms. MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources). Table 10. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 36 likes 22,568 views. However, in recent times in Ethiopia resettlement of farmers to the new arable farmland or to other national regional states of Ethiopia are unthinkable. Around 80-85% Ethiopians are engaged in agriculture, mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production. Ticks (species of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Boophilus decolaratus, Rhipicephelus evertsi, and Amblyomma variegatum), Tsetse Fly (Glossina pallidipes), Mange (Chorioptes bovis, and Sarcoptes), biting flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (stable Fly)) are vector-borne parasitic diseases of livestock and endoparasites such as helminths (nematodes: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus (chaerbertia, oesophagostomum), Nematodirus, Bunostomum (hookworm), Toxocara vitulorum, cooperia, Dictyocaulus), estodes: moeniezia genus, cysticercus, Echinococcus granulosus), Trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantic) and Coccidia are directly constrained livestock production in Ethiopia (Diriba, 2020; Welay et al., 2018; Ministry of Agriculture, 2014). Bureaucracy and ill management is another (may be the second biggest) top problem the country is facing. It enhanced the integration of researchers affiliated on the crop improvements, conservation agriculture, agroecology, agroforestry, and the development of crop varieties that are more tolerant to pests, diseases, drought, waterlogging, and salinity (FAO, 2013). Current challenges facing the global food system. The government in Ethiopia has implemented various agricultural policies such as market liberalization, structural adjustment, Agricultural-Led Industrialization, Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program, Participatory and Accelerated Sustainable Development to Eradicate Poverty and successive Growth and . It is proximity to Middle East markets is valuable to transport fresh products within a short period of time to the needed destination. Political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial assistance in the country is the root cause of the problem. Yet agriculture is the countrys most promising resource. They farm on very small plots of fragmented land and often are used unsuitable primitive techniques that are not effective for their agro-ecological zones (Lebeda et al., 2010). In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. Majorly, it focused on the shortage of farmland, climate change, fragmentation and degradation of farmland, unevenly distributed constructions and urbanizations, pests, lack of integration among stakeholders, political instabilities, and its prospects. Poverty is the number 1 problem in Ethiopia. Generally the adverse consequences of global changes have the most significant effects on the poorest and most vulnerable, who historically have had limited entitlements and opportunities for growth. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Your email address will not be published. Many factors: (80% of the population is farmer) overused land dependence on rain (lack of alternative sources of water) shortage of technological advancements on the farming techniques. The rate of deforestation has been increasing year after year with an . Most of the intensive dairy farms are concentrated in and around Addis Ababa and are basically based on exotic pure bred stock. EEA/EEPRI. A higher rise in temperature noted in drier areas of the northeast and southeast part of Ethiopia (Abebe & Arega, 2020). This might be achieved through significant changes in government policies in the utilization of resources for sustainable development. Ethiopia 's industrial sectors classified into four basic groups: agriculture, food processing, construction, resources and energy and tourism. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? This report also indicated that around 2027, India will be ranked first in the world by the population followed by China. Furthermore, feeding the population in the near future in developing countries like Ethiopia is expected to increase production and productivity. A little modification has been made to bring internal transformation in the thinking and working habit of the people in the past century. See Solution. Hitherto the most of the existing literature on Ethiopian agricultural development has focused on resource degradation as the root cause of constraints to sustainable production and productivity (Headey et al., 2014). But loss and decline of biodiversity are the major problem of Ethiopia that caused by a range of drivers, such as either natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate-related effects such as erratic rainfall in the semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia. 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